Dry eyes and irritation caused by pollution? 8 simple tips for calming the redness

Dry eyes and eye irritation have become increasingly common complaints, particularly in urban areas where pollution levels are high. With the festive season of Diwali, eye problems have increasingly been a primary issue. The culprits behind these symptoms are airborne pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone, which can worsen ocular surface diseases. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and preventive measures can help manage and alleviate these discomforts effectively.

Causes of dry and red eyes

According to Dr. Mubashir Parkar, Consultant Ophthalmologist, Dr Agarwals Eye Hospital, Kalyan, “Pollution contributes to dry eyes and eye irritation through various mechanisms. Particulate matter, which consists of tiny particles suspended in the air, can adhere to the tear film, causing instability and increased evaporation. This leads to dryness and irritation. Gaseous pollutants like nitrogen dioxide and ozone can directly damage the ocular surface, leading to inflammation and discomfort. Moreover, pollutants can trigger allergic reactions, exacerbating symptoms for individuals with pre-existing conditions such as allergic conjunctivitis.”

According to Dr. Rashmi Mittal, Consultant, Ophthalmology, Amrita Hospital Faridabad, “Air pollutants can disrupt the tear film, which lubricates the eyes, leading to increased evaporation of tears and dry eyes. Particles and toxic gases in the air can directly irritate the conjunctiva (the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye), causing discomfort, redness, and itching.

Symptoms of dry eyes and irritation

Common symptoms of pollution-induced dry eyes and irritation include:
1. Dryness: A gritty or sandy sensation in the eyes.
2. Redness: Irritated and bloodshot eyes.
3. Burning or Stinging: A persistent burning feeling in the eyes.
4. Excessive Tearing: Paradoxically, eyes may produce more tears in response to dryness and irritation.
5. Blurry Vision: Fluctuating vision due to an unstable tear film.
6. Itching: Especially common in individuals with allergic conjunctivitis.



Preventive measures to keep your eyes cool and healthy

Taking proactive steps can significantly reduce the impact of pollution on eye health. Here are some effective measures:
1. Limit exposure: Minimize outdoor activities when pollution levels are high, particularly during peak traffic hours.
2. Blink frequently: Blinking helps to keep the eyes moist and can prevent dryness, especially during prolonged screen time.
3. Use artificial tears: Lubricating eye drops can provide relief from dryness and wash away irritants.
4. Consult doctor: Regular check-ups with an ophthalmologist can help monitor eye health and provide specific treatments if needed.
5. Warm compress: Applying a warm compress can help stimulate tear production and relieve discomfort.

What to do when heading out:

1. Use protective glasses: Wearing glasses or sunglasses outdoors can create a barrier between the eyes and harmful pollutants, reducing direct exposure to airborne particles.
2. Eyelid hygiene: Regularly cleaning the eyelids can help remove debris and reduce the risk of infection.
3. Use air purifiers: Using air purifiers indoors helps filter out harmful particles and reduces the impact of pollution on the eyes while inside.
4. Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps maintain moisture levels in the body, including the eyes.
5. Use humidifier: Using a humidifier at home, especially in dry climates or during the winter months, can help maintain a more comfortable moisture level in the air, which benefits the eyes.
6. Eat healthy: Consuming omega-3s (found in fish oil or flaxseed oil) has been linked to improved eye moisture and may help combat dry eye symptoms.

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