Project 75I: A few days ago, the INS Tamal warship was included in the Indian Navy fleet. This warship has been developed in partnership with Russia. INS Tamal is also equipped with a BrahMos cruise missile. The Indian Navy's submarine fleet currently has 16 traditional submarines, out of which the original Project-75 program was completed recently with the inclusion of INS Vagsheer in January 2025. Under Project-75, 8 submarines of the Kalvari class are currently the biggest strength of the Indian Navy under the sea. These submarines are a big weapon against China and Pakistan in the Asia-Pacific, Indian Ocean, and Indo-Pacific region. Its importance increases significantly, especially to curb the increasing activities of China in the Indian Ocean. The Chinese PLA-Navy operates 355 warships and submarines, making it the largest naval power in the world. Whereas Pakistan is continuously developing its submarine capability with the help of its friend, China.
Given the constantly changing situation in marine security, India has also become active, and continuous efforts are being made to increase the submarine capability of the Indian Navy under Project-75I. Now, a big development has taken place in this. Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited is very close to getting advanced and traditional submarine contracts worth more than Rs 1 lakh crore. After the implementation of the defense deal, the Indian Navy will become a major power in the world in sea in 6 to 7 years.
To give an unprecedented boost to India's maritime security capabilities, the government is preparing to give contracts worth ₹ 1.06 lakh crore to Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) for two major submarine projects by the end of the next financial year. This will be the biggest deal in the history of India's defense, which will not only strengthen the combat capability of the Indian Navy but will also mark a new beginning in the field of indigenous defense production.
Under Project-75I, there is a plan to finalize the ₹ 70,000 crore Advanced Submarine Project soon. Under this mega deal, 6 state-of-the-art submarines will be built at a cost of ₹ 70,000 crore. In this project, MDL will partner with Germany's ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS). The proposed submarines will be based on the HDW Class 214 design, which will be equipped with state-of-the-art features and the highest stealth capability.
72 meters in length, 2000 tons in weight
The HDW Class 214 submarines are 72 meters long, weigh about 2,000 tons, and will have 8 weapon tubes. These submarines can carry 27 crew members and will have a special Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) system, which will enable them to operate underwater for two weeks without surfacing. This system generates electricity from the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, making noiseless and secret operations possible. Under Project-75I, the use of 45% indigenous equipment has been made mandatory in the first submarine, which will increase to 60% by the sixth submarine. India will get the capability to build indigenous submarines in the future through technology transfer from TKMS. The first submarine of this project will be built seven years after the signing of the contract, while the rest will be given one by one every year.
Scorpene-class submarine worth ₹36,000 crore
The second big contract is for the construction of three new Scorpene-class submarines at a cost of ₹36,000 crore. These submarines will be larger and more advanced than the existing Kalvari-class, with 60% indigenous content. Their design will match the submarines supplied to the Brazilian Navy. The first Scorpene submarine will be ready in 6 years, and the remaining two submarines are planned to be delivered every year. Currently, the Indian Navy has 16 submarines, with the recent addition of INS Vagsheer, and the completion of six Kalvari-class submarines of Project 75. Regional security concerns (especially China's growing presence in the Indian Ocean and Pakistan's expanding submarine capacity) have forced India to increase the number and quality of submarines. China currently has more than 355 warships and submarines, making it the largest navy in the world. In response, India is working on a plan to build a navy of 175 ships by 2035. Currently India has more than 130 ships and 61 warships are under construction.
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